narkotik

Narkotik/Psikotropik

Obat narkotik adalah obat yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan atau perubahan kesadaran, menghilangkan rasa nyeri dan dapat menimbulkan ketergantungan. Pada kemasan ditandai dengan lingkaran warna putih dan tanda palang merah, garis tepi warna hitam. 

Kemasan obat golongan ini ditandai dengan lingkaran yang di dalamnya terdapat palang (+) berwarna merah. Obat narkotika bersifat adiksi dan penggunaannya diawasi dengan ketat, sehingga obat golongan narkotika hanya dapat diperoleh dengan resep dokter yang asli (tidak dapat menggunakan kopi resep). Contoh dari obat narkotika/Psikotropik antara lain: pada bagian bawah coretan ini. Dalam bidang kedokteran, obat-obat narkotika biasa digunakan sebagai anestesi/obat bius dan analgetika/obat penghilang rasa sakit.

Obat Psikotropik adalah obat yang secara efektif dapat mempengaruhi susunan saraf pusat dan akan mempengaruhi tingkah laku dan aktivitas.

 

logo Obat Psikotropik

Menurut UU No.35 Tahun 2009 tentang narkotika dan psikotropika digolongkan menjadi : beserta contohnya

1. Psikotropika golongan I yaitu psikotropika yang tidak digunakan untuk tujuan pengobatan dengan potensi ketergantungan yang sangat kuat, contohnya antara lain : Broloamfetamine atau DOB ((±)-4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-alpha-methylphenethylamine),  Cathinone ((x)-(S)-2-aminopropiophenone), DET (3-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]indole), DMA ( (±)-2,5-dimethoxy-alpha-methylphenethylamine), DMHP ( 3-(1,2-dimethylheptyl)-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-6H- dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-olo ), DMT ( 3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]indole), DOET ( (±)-4-ethyl-2,5-dimethoxy-alpha-phenethylamine), Eticyclidine - PCE ( N-ethyl-1-phenylcyclohexylamine ), Etrytamine ( 3-(2-aminobutyl)indole ), Lysergide - LSD, LSD-25 (9,10-didehydro-N,N-diethyl-6-methylergoline-8beta-carboxamide), MDMA ((±)-N,alpha-dimethyl-3,4-(methylene-dioxy)phenethylamine), Mescaline (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine), Methcathinone ( 2-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropan-1-one ), 4-methylaminorex ( (±)-cis-2-amino-4-methyl-5-phenyl-2-oxazoline ), MMDA (2-methoxy-alpha-methyl-4,5-(methylenedioxy)phenethylamine), N-ethyl MDA ((±)-N-ethyl-alpha-methyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenethylamine), N-hydroxy MDA ((±)-N-[alpha-methyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenethyl]hydroxylamine), Parahexyl (3-hexyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol), PMA (p-methoxy-alpha-methylphenethylamine), Psilocine, psilotsin (3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl] indol-4-ol), Psilocybine (3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]indol-4-yl dihydrogen phosphate), Rolicyclidine - PHP,PCPY ( 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)pyrrolidine ), STP, DOM (2,5-dimethoxy-alpha,4-dimethylphenethylamine), Tenamfetamine - MDA (alpha-methyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenethylamine), Tenocyclidine - TCP (1-[1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine), Tetrahydrocannabinol, TMA ((±)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-alpha-methylphenethylamine)
2. Psikotropika golongan II,yaitu psikotropika yang berkhasiat terapi tetapi dapat menimbulkan ketergantungan. contohnya antara lain : Amphetamine ((±)-alpha-methylphenethylamine), Dexamphetamine ((+)-alpha-methylphenethylamine), Fenetylline (7-[2-[(alpha-methylphenethyl)amino] ethyl]theophylline), Levamphetamine ((x)-(R)-alpha-methylphenethylamine), Levomethampheta-mine ((x)-N,alpha-dimethylphenethylamine), Mecloqualone (3-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-4(3H)- quinazolinone), Methamphetamine ((+)-(S)-N,alpha-dimethylphenethylamine), Methamphetamineracemate ((±)-N,alpha-dimethylphenethylamine), Methaqualone (2-methyl-3-o-tolyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone), Methylphenidate (Methyl alpha-phenyl-2-piperidineacetate), Phencyclidine - PCP (1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine), Phenmetrazine (3-methyl-2-phenylmorpholine)
   Secobarbital (5-allyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)barbituric acid), Dronabinol atau delta-9-tetrahydro-cannabinol ((6aR,10aR)-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6H- dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol), Zipeprol (alpha-(alpha-methoxybenzyl)-4-(beta-methoxyphenethyl)-1-piperazineethanol)
3. Psikotropika golongan III, yaitu psikotropika dengan efek ketergantungannya sedang dari kelompok hipnotik sedatif contohnya antara lain  Amobarbital (5-ethyl-5-isopentylbarbituric acid), Buprenorphine (2l-cyclopropyl-7-alpha-[(S)-1-hydroxy-1,2,2-trimethylpropyl]-6,14- endo-ethano-6,7,8,14-tetrahydrooripavine)
   Butalbital (5-allyl-5-isobutylbarbituric acid), Cathine / norpseudo-ephedrine ((+)-(R)-alpha-[(R)-1-aminoethyl]benzyl alcohol), Cyclobarbital (5-(1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-5-ethylbarbituric acid), Flunitrazepam (5-(o-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one), Glutethimide (2-ethyl-2-phenylglutarimide), Pentazocine ((2R*,6R*,11R*)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-6,11-dimethyl-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2,6-methano-3-benzazocin-8-ol), Pentobarbital (5-ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)barbituric acid)
4. Psikotropika golongan IV, aitu psikotropika yang efek ketergantungannya ringan. contohnya antara lain : Clotiazepam (5-(o-chlorophenyl)-7-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-2H-thieno [2,3-e] -1,4-diazepin-2-one), Cloxazolam (10-chloro-11b-(o-chlorophenyl)-2,3,7,11b-tetrahydro-oxazolo- [3,2-d][1,4]benzodiazepin-6(5H)-one), Delorazepam (7-chloro-5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one), Diazepam (7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one), Estazolam (8-chloro-6-phenyl-4H-s-triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine), Ethchlorvynol (1-chloro-3-ethyl-1-penten-4-yn-3-ol), Ethinamate (1-ethynylcyclohexanolcarbamate), Ethyl loflazepate (ethyl 7-chloro-5-(o-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-3-carboxylate), Fencamfamin (N-ethyl-3-phenyl-2-norborananamine), Fenproporex ((±)-3-[(alpha-methylphenylethyl)amino]propionitrile), Fludiazepam (7-chloro-5-(o-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one), Flurazepam (7-chloro-1-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-5-(o-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one), Halazepam (7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-5-phenyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one), Haloxazolam (10-bromo-11b-(o-fluorophenyl)-2,3,7,11b-tetrahydrooxazolo [3,2-d][1,4]benzodiazepin-6(5H)-one), Ketazolam (11-chloro-8,12b-dihydro-2,8-dimethyl-12b-phenyl-4H-[1,3]oxazino[3,2-d][1,4]benzodiazepine-4,7(6H)-dione), Lefetamine - SPA ((x)-N,N-dimethyl-1,2-diphenylethylamine)

Sumber : UU Narkotika no.35 Tahun 2009
Aji Wibowo,S.Farm.,Apt